The importance of Dental Neuroscience highlighting the connection between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

With the world population ageing and advances in Neuroscience, periodontitis has been linked to neurodegenerative processes, particularly Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the need for an integrated approach by dental neuroscience and its connections. Pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis can reach the Central Nervous System through blood or nerve pathways, promoting neuroinflammation and stimulating the accumulation of beta-amyloid and altered tau protein. Post-mortem studies confirm the presence of these microorganisms in patients' brains, associating them with markers of neural degeneration. In addition, oral dysbiosis and gut-brain axis communication intensify systemic inflammatory responses, impacting synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Population studies suggest that moderate or severe cases of periodontal disease significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's, reinforcing the importance of early diagnosis and prevention. New strategies, such as gingipain inhibitors, probiotics, and anti-inflammatory diets, show potential in reducing bacterial load and neuroinflammation. In this scenario, Dental Neuroscience is consolidating itself as a promising field, expanding the understanding of the relationship between oral health and neurodegeneration, and offering support for interdisciplinary clinical practices focused on comprehensive health.